Deskripsi Singkat :
THE CRUCIFIXION AND ATONEMENT
A very significant pillar in the Christian doctrine is the crucifixion for the atonement of sins. This
pillar of Christianity and its association to a man made doctrine is clearly explained in the following
excerpt from the book Salvation Through Repentance by Abu Ameenah Bilal Philips, pages
15-17 :
Atonement in the Old Testament was an annual ceremony designed to cleanse the temple, priesthood, and people of their sins while renewing their special relationship with
God. The ritual included fasting and sacrifice. The ceremony continues to be observed within Judaism, stressing confession and repentance of sins on Yom Kippur,
a day set aside as the holiest day of the year. In order to justifY the heretical belief in the incarnation of God as Jesus Christ and his apparent death on the cross, Paul in his letters to the Galatians and Romans argued that atonement by law required complete obedience for which
man was incapable. He proposed, instead, that Christ's death had a redeeming power, providing atonement for sinners who believed in him. The Pauline view that man's sin prevents him from
approaching God and that he can only be reconciled through Christ's sacrificial death was further developed by the Christian theologian Irenaeus (125-202 C.E.), Bishop of
Lyon, who developed around it the first system of Catholic belief. Another Christian theologian, Augustine of Hippo (334-430 C.E.), developed doctrines of the Fall, Original
Sin and Predestination, holding that by heredity man is tainted with the sin of Adam's fall from God's Grace and that God has inexplicably chosen some persons to saved, the rest being consigned to everlasting damnation. Thus, man was inherently evil and sinful, and only Christ,
sacrificing himself for mankind, could (in the words of St. Anselin) completely satisfy God's just punishment for man's sins against God. St. Augustine further taught that justification (absolution from sins) occurs by means of grace originating in God but infused through sacramental
channels. St. Thomas Aquinas (1225-1274), the leading Christian theologian of the Middle Ages, upheld St. Augustine's view which had by then become a basic unchallengeable doctrine.
Before talking about the many controversies surrounding the crucifixion, it should be
mentioned that it was a gospel of Paul's which professed the crucifixion/resurrection of Jesus (II
Timothy 2:8):
"Remember that Jesus Christ of the seed of
David was raised from the dead according to
my gospel."
In addition, the gospel of the resurrection in Mark 16:9-20 was already removed from the text by
gospel writers in the 1952 edition of the Revised Standard Version and then, for some reasons,
restored in the 1971 edition. In many Bibles, if not removed, it is printed in small print or between
two brackets and with commentary (See the Revised Standard Version, New American Bible
and New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures).8 -
The traditional biblical account of Jesus'
crucifixion is that he was arrested and crucified by the orders and plans of the chief priest and Jewish
elders. This account was denied in the 1960's by the highest Catholic Christian authority, the Pope.
He issued a statement in which he said the Jews had nothing to do with Jesus' crucifixion.s
Did anyone of the disciples or the writers of the Gospel see the crucifixion or the resurrection? No!
In Mark 14:50, it says the disciples forsook Jesus and fled. Even Peter forsook Jesus after the
cock crowed three times as Jesus foretold: (Matthew 26:75) And Peter remembered the
word of Jesus, which said unto him, "Before the
cock crow, thou shalt deny me thrice. And he
went out, and wept bitterly."
The most likely persons whom may have
witnessed this moment in Jesus' life were Mary
Magdalene, Mary the mother of James and Joses,
the mother of Zebedee's children, and other
women (Matthew 27:55-56). However, there is no
statement or account in the Gospels from these
women as to what they saw or heard.
The disciple(s) found the sepulchre where Jesus
was laid down, empty, and made the conclusion
that he was resurrected because the disciples and
other witnesses saw him alive after the alleged
crucifixion. Nobody saw the moment he was
resurrected. Jesus himself stated that he did not die
on the cross in Luke 24:36-41, as explained in the
following paragraphs.
Early Sunday morning, Mary Magdalene went to
the sepulchre, which was empty. She saw
somebody standing who looked like a gardener.
She recognized him after a conversation to be
Jesus and wanted to touch him. Jesus said (John
20:17):
"Touch me not; for I am not yet ascended to my
Father..."g
Now read Luke 24:36-41:
"And as they [disciples] thus spake, Jesus
himself stood in the midst of them and saith
unto them, Peace be unto you. But they were
terrified and frightened, and supposed that they
had seen a spirit. And he said unto them, Why
are you troubled? And why so thoughts arise in
your hearts? Behold my hands and my feet,
that it is I myself: handle me, and see; for a
spirit hath not flesh and bones, as ye see me
have. And when he had thus spoken, he shewed
them his hands and his feet. And while they yet
believed not for joy, and wondered, he said
unto them, Have ye here any meat? And they
gave him a piece of boiled fish and of a
honeycomb. And he took it, and did eat before
them."
Does a spiritual or dead body have a need to eat
food? Jesus eating of food was to prove to the
disciples that he was not a spirit, but rather, he was
still alive and not dead.
Jesus being alive and not dead is further supported
in his own prophecy (Matthew 12:40):
"For as Jonas was three days and three nights
in the whale's belly; so shall the Son of man be
three days and three nights in the heart of the
earth."
Did Jesus fulfill this miracle? Christians would say
"yes," because Jesus died and rose three days later
according to Luke 24:26 and Matthew 20:19, to
name a few verses. However, in line with the
miracle of Jonas and according to the Bible, Jesus
only spent one day and two nights 12 in the
sepulchre, and not three days and three nights as
he prophesied.
Jesus was put in the sepulchre just before sunset
on Friday (Good Friday) and was found missing
before sunrise on Sunday (Easter). If we were to st-
r-e-t-c-h the time frame a bit, one may say that
Jesus spent three days in the earth, but there is no
way and I repeat, no way, that Jesus spent three
nights in the earth. We must not forget that the
Gospels are explicit in telling us that it was
"before sunrise" on Sunday morning that Mary
Magdalene went to the tomb of Jesus and found it
empty. 12
Consequently, there are some inconsistencies as to
whether Jesus fulfilled his own prophecy. Whether
he was actually crucified, or if the day (Good
Friday) of his alleged crucifixion is wrong.
Another significant point to mention is that Jonas
was alive in the belly of the whale. The Christians
say, Jesus was dead in the belly of the earth/tomb,
and this contradict Jesus' own prophecy. Jesus
said (Luke 11 :30):
"As Jonah was... so shall the Son of man be."
If Jonas was alive, so was Jesus.
One critical event that took place before the
alleged crucifixion was the prayer of Jesus to God
for help. Luke 22:42:
"Saying, Father if thou be willing, remove this
cup (of death) from me: nevertheless not my
will, but thine be done."
Jesus' prayer not to die on the cross was accepted
by God according to Luke 22:43 and Hebrews
5:7.8 Therefore, if all of Jesus' prayers were
accepted by God, including not to die on the cross,
how could he have died on the cross?
In Matthew 27:46, it states that while Jesus was
on the cross he said:
"Eli, Eli, lama sabachthani (My God, my God,
why hast thou forsaken me?).
If Jesus said these words, it represents a blatant
declaration of disbelief according to all theological
authorities. This is a great insult as such words
could only come from an unbeliever in God.
Further, it is incredible that such words should
come from a Prophet of God, because God never
breaks His promise and His Prophets never
complained against His promise, especially when
the Prophet's mission is understood. It could be
said that whoever relates that this statement was
said by a Prophet [Jesus], is a disbeliever.7
Muslims believe, as the Quran states, Jesus was
not crucified. It was the intention of his enemies to
put him to death on the cross, but Allah saved him
from their plot. \3 Quran 4:157:
"That they {JewsJ said boasting, "We killed
Christ Jesus, the son of Mary, the Messenger of
Allah,' but they [JewsJ killed him not, nor
crucified him... "
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